ESR 5 – Claudia Mainardi – TACK Communities of Tacit Knowledge

Investigating the 21^st Century Emerging Approaches to Practice: Codification of Architectural Epistemes, from Discourses to Practices

Research Objectives

How is the actual socio-political-economic conjuncture tacitly influencing the architectural practice?

Which are the different approaches to practice in current times? Which are their design tools?

Extensive recent literature^[1] outlines a relationship between architectural production and the cultural context in which it is produced.

The research will probe whether it is possible to frame tacit patterns of co-evolution between the practice and the socio-political-economic conjuncture at the turn of the 21^st century, as an attempt to define the architectural codes^[2] in the making.

The 2008 financial crisis is assumed by the research project as a line of demarcation that questions the consolidated structures of the profession, which triggered the beginning of the decline of the star-architect system as a model and the end of the so-called “architecture of exuberance.^[3]”

The research is interested in investigating a specific community of practices born in the 21^stcentury, whose production –despite different approaches– seems a reaction to a context in which the market is adverse, global public commissions are decreasing, construction is no longer at the centre of production, and research is used as a fundamental instrument to find models suitable for the current conjuncture.

Even if the exact chronological boundaries have still to be defined, the chosen time-frame –.ca 2000–2020– aims to the enrichment of a reflection on the contemporary: providing an uncharted knowledge, a theoretical framework and new categories of interpretation for architectural critics, analysing contemporary design tools for practitioners, and opening up a reflection on terminology that highlights the emergence of a set of concepts, notions, and words as a brand new vocabulary for pedagogy.

Project Description

The research aims to investigate –within the European context– the codification of diverse forms of tacit knowledge in the 21^st-century architectural production, tracking its transfer and translation from institutional narratives to principles and conventions that are crystallized in the everyday practice of a series of design offices.

The work is imagined to be developed through three phases complementary in terms of structure, object, and intentions.

The first one –conceived as horizontal macro-analysis– is proposed as an attempt to reconstruct a historical framework in which to outline a system of events not yet historicized of the recent past. Within this phase, selected institutional occasions such as Biennales and Triennales held since 2000 are used as the research ground, conceived as an observatory of current practice. In fact, due to their recurrence, these events represent an objective source of information and an instrument of confrontation in its interrelation with the context through time, providing a homogeneous body of knowledge.

The second phase identifies the protagonists of the contemporary debate in which the research is interested, using their recurrence and contribution to the international exhibitions as a tacit tracker of the relation between their theoretical and practical production. The second phase culminates with the reconstruction of families/groups of practices in relation to their positioning and design approach towards the socio-political-economic conjuncture.

The third phase –conceived around “biographies of practices”– analyses in-depth four case studies, each belonging to a different group/agency extracted from the secondphase and ideally characterized by different codes and conventions.

Tasks and Methodology

The research uses diverse methodologies –heterogeneous and complementary– that correspond to the phases that compose the research.

Although located at the intersection of already consolidated lines of research, the first part uses an empirical approach collecting various kind of sources (i.e., catalogs, curatorial statements, press-kits, media-coverage packages, and oral histories based on interviews with institutional directors) leading to the construction of an archive that compensate the lack of a consolidated body of literature. Given the amount of data to be processed, it is proposed the use of unconventional forms of restitution –multi-layered thematic maps / interpretative cartography, diagrams, and timelines,– which are themselves contributions and research tools. The diagrammatic exercise is seen as a search for a position and orientation through an expanded reading of relationality, experimenting methods, and digital humanities tools^[4]

Due to the tacit nature of the objects of investigation, the case studies’ analysis was first imagined following an ethnographic approach. By cause of COVID-19 restrictions, the methodology has undergone some changes extending its action between the physical and digital realm: construction sites visits, face-to-face meetings, day-to-day observation of the office routine and design processes, and investigation of the physical archive, but also on-line meetings (both internal and with clients), interviews, production of surveys, on-line server survey, access to the study agenda, etc. All elements useful to outline a personal yet multifaceted picture of the tacit design process of the offices object of investigation beyond the constructed image through which they publicly self-represent themselves.

Secondments

The research project involves two different secondments.

The practice-based one at the Milan-based architectural office onsitestudio acts as a pilot case for the ethnographic research, whose analytical categories are assessed and eventually reiterated with other practices to extract a consistent body of sources. The research, finalized at investigating the studio’s method and approach, aims to observe the actual design process, and the collateral elements that influence it.

The curatorial secondment at the Het Nieuwe Instituut instead focuses on an upcoming project lead by the institution on the CIAM, rethinking archives and curatorial practices through digital technologies and social media. The research here aims to investigate the networking and forms of communication used by CIAM and compare them with the 21^st-century practices that the research intends to investigate.

Dissemination and Communication

The Ph.D. project will be communicated via various formats.

Ongoing research findings will be published on the TACK collective readers and the TACK Instagram account, alongside selected essays, peer-reviewed articles, and international conferences.

As a consequence of the investigations conducted on selected architectural offices, the research is proposed to organize the analysis in a series of publications, one per firm object of study.

The dissertation will culminate with a thesis following a doctorate’s requirements at Politecnico di Milano, with the possibility of a consequent book publication.

To recollect the heterogeneous products, findings, and methodologies, the thesis sees in the exhibition the possibility to unpack the project globally. In fact, the exposition could be considered a production site –capable of bridging theory and practice, providing an alternative to the built project as a carrier of the practice of architecture– and a powerful communication tool of tacit findings.^[5]

Publications

Mainardi, Claudia. “Diagramming the 21^st Century Agency: between Biennales and the Everyday ” In CA2RE+: Design Driven Doctoral Research EVALUATION: Book 2 (forthcoming).

Mainardi, Claudia. “Reasoning.” In L. Gasperoni (Ed.), Architectural Diagrams 3 (pp. 262–267). DOM Publishers (forthcoming).

Mainardi, Claudia. “Investigating the 21st Century Emerging Approaches to Practice: Codification of Architectural Epistemes, from Discourses to Practices.” In CA²RE / CA²RE+

Hamburg. Conference for Artistic and Architectural Research – Book of Proceedings, edited by Marta Fernández Guardado and Matthias Ballestrem, 180–187. Hamburg: HafenCity Universität Hamburg, 2021. https://doi.org/10.34712/142.18

Mainardi, Claudia. “Federica Doglio in a dialogue with Mirko Zardini: A book interview on crises during a crisis.” In FAM: Ricostruzione e Città, 182–183. September 2021. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.12838/fam/issn2039-0491/n55-2021

Mainardi, Claudia. “MobilityLandscape: From Experiment to Reality and Return.” In Eyes of the City: UABB 2019\ Shenzhen Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, 193–206. Stuttgart: Hetje Cantz, 2021.

Mainardi, Claudia. “Tra Continuità, Ambiente, Sobrietà e Durata. Onsitestudio, Mapei Football Centre, Sassuolo, 2019.” ARK, 25–34. July 2021.

Mainardi, Claudia. “Observations on Panel Discussions.” In CA2RE+: Comparison, edited by Fabrizia Berlingieri, Francesca Zanotto, Beatrice Balducci, Jacopo Leveratto, Claudia Mainardi, Enrico Miglietta, Chiara Pradel, and Pier Paolo Tamburelli, 97–99. Siracusa: Lettera 22, 2020.

Mainardi, Claudia. “Investigating the 21st Century Emerging Agencies: Codification of Architectural Epistemes, from Discourses to Practices.” In CA2RE+: Comparison, edited by Fabrizia Berlingieri, Francesca Zanotto, Beatrice Balducci, Jacopo Leveratto, Claudia Mainardi, Enrico Miglietta, Chiara Pradel, and Pier Paolo Tamburelli, 111–123. Siracusa: Lettera 22, 2020.

Mainardi, Claudia. Dialogic Spaces: Cities without Architecture. Edited by Neeraj Bhatia and Mason White. Bracket. Vol. 4, 2020.

Fosbury Architecture. “The Silver Lining.” In Brave New World, edited by Marina Engels, 67–70. London: The British School at Rome, 2020.

Fosbury Architecture. “How We Lived in Quarantine: A Diary from the Days of the Coronavirus.” Domusweb, April 8, 2020. https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2020/03/16/living-in-quarantine-the-journal.html.

As speaker in conferences and seminars

Claudia Mainardi, “Tacit Agencies of Drawing,” in in-drawing. Organized byBureau d’étude de pratiques interdisciplinée (BéPI), École de Design, UQAM. Montreal, September 2022 (forthcoming).

Claudia Mainardi, “Mapping Tacit Processes across Architecture: Biennials and Triennials in the 21st century,” Lecture at the Het Nieuwe Instituut, Rotterdam, 9^th December 2021.

Claudia Mainardi, “The Biennales Phenomenon,” Online lecture at Bergische Universitat Wuppertal in the class lead by prof. Christoph Grafe, 6^th December 2021.

Claudia Mainardi, “Architectural Magazines: Between Paper and Digitalisation,” within the class lead by prof. Paolo Scrivano History and Theory of Contemporary Architecture, 24th May 2021.

Claudia Mainardi, “Searching for Epistemes in the 21st Century: Investigating the Codification of Architectural Knowledge, from Discourses to Practice,” in CA2RE+: Comparison, HafenCity Universität Hamburg, 25th March 2021.

Claudia Mainardi [as part of Fosbury Architecture], “Ambienti di Resistenza, Incompiuto, e Altre Storie,” within the class lead by prof. Francesca Serrazanetti and arch. Michele Igncaaolo Caratteri Tipologici dell’Architettura, Politecnico di Milano, 12^th November 2020.

Claudia Mainardi, “Investigating the 21st Century Emerging Agencies: Codification of Architectural Epistemes, from Discourses to Practices,” in Approaching Research Practice in Architecture: Five Questions, TUMunich, October 2020.

Claudia Mainardi, “Investigating the 21st Century Emerging Agencies: Codification of Architectural Epistemes, from Discourses to Practices,” in CA2RE+: Comparison, Politecnico di Milano, October 2020.

Claudia Mainardi [as part of Fosbury Architecture], “Commodified Intimacy,” Online Lecture for CANactions School Talk, 19^th May 2020.

Claudia Mainardi [as part of Fosbury Architecture], “Dove va la città dopo il coronavirus,” Online lecture for Accademia ED, 29th May 2020.

Selected Exhibitions

As curator

Title: Prato Urban Center

Organizing Committee: Comune di Prato

Place: Centro Pecci per l’Arte Contemporanea

Date: from November 20^th, 2021 (upcoming)

As contributor

Fosbury Architecture and (ab)normal, “The Host will let you in soon,” in Take Your Seat curated by Nina Bassoli, Milan Design Week 5-12 September 2021.

Fosbury Architecture, “Savage Love,” in Rituals of Solitude, Unfolding Pavilion curated by Curated by Daniel Tudor Munteanu and Davide Tommaso Ferrando, Venice Architecture Biennale 2021.

Fosbury Architecture “SHIBBOLETH,” IN The State of Art of Architecture curated by Joseph Grima, Collective exhibition at La Triennale, Milan, February–March 2020.

Prizes

Project: VERDE PRATO

Achievement: finalist

Prize: Premio T Young Claudio De Albertis

Promoting entity: Fondazione La Triennale di Milano and Fondazione MAXXI

Location: Triennale di Milano, IT

Project: INCOMPIUTO. The Birth of a Style

Achievement: Honourable mention

Prize: XXVI Premio Compasso d’Oro

Promoting entity: ADI Associazione per il Design Industriale

Location: ADI Design Museum, Milano, IT